Utilization of Pellet Fines in the Iron Ore Sintering …
One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering process. 5 experiments were conducted, by varying the pellet fines from 0 to 50% in the iron ore blend.
اقرأ أكثر
State of the Art in Air Pollution Control for Sinter Plants
In the last 25 years, a second-stage off-gas cleaning system was installed at several sinter plants to comply with lower emission limits for dust, SO 2 and PCDD/F. This additional cleaning stage can be a wet system or a dry system (Menad et al. 2006; Delwig et al. 2007; Guerriero et al. 2009).However, dry systems using a sorption process are …
اقرأ أكثر
Sintering | Eurotherm Limited
The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast furnace and allow for more consistent and controllable iron manufacture. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a ...
اقرأ أكثر
Lead and Zinc Sintering | IntechOpen
Trailing thermocouple tests on ISF sinter plants [11-12] have shown that although sulphur elimination is largely achieved because of the low peak bed temperatures, strong fusion of the granules does not occur in the bottom third of the updraft sinter bed.
اقرأ أكثر
Sinter Plant Essentials: Exploring Construction Types And …
Sinter Plant Process And Sinter Production. Sinter production carefully converts various raw materials (in specific compositions) to create sinters. Sinter mixes are crucial for the production of steel. Steelmakers consider costs, efficiency, and environmental impact when producing sinter. Modern sinter production plants are tailored to use the ...
اقرأ أكثر
Sintering: Most Efficient Technologies for Greenhouse …
In a sinter plant, major areas of noise pollution are process waste gas exhauster fan, sinter cooler fan, and sinter crusher. Sinter plants act as sinks for solid wastes generated in steel plants. Wastes such as flue dust, LD slag mill scale, iron-bearing dust/sludge, etc. comprise of around 5% of total material used for sinter making.
اقرأ أكثر
Dangerous Emissions Control and Reduction in Sinter Plants
Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines (dust) with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. ... Each windbox was equipped with thermocouples (k-type) in order to monitor the off-gas temperature during sintering. The flue gases composition was monitored, according to EN1948 parts …
اقرأ أكثر
Operational and environmental assessment on the use of …
The sintering process is a well-established process in use at integrated steel making plants. It consists of an agglomeration through an oxidizing/reducing fusion of iron ore fines (sinter feed) and fluxing agents (lime, limestone, etc.) as well as re-circulated materials (dust, sludge, etc.) at temperatures between 1200 °C to 1400 ° C. A carbon …
اقرأ أكثر
Sinter plant
A sinter plant is used to agglomerate iron ore to produce sinter, a product that can be used in a blast furnace.[1] According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of …
اقرأ أكثر
Use of Raw Petroleum Coke in Sinter Plants
During the tests, thermocouples were in-serted in the bed at the depth of 200mm and 400mm from the top surface to measure the temperature profiles at two different locations, as is schematically shown in Fig. 2. Figures 3 and 4 shows the temperature profiles at 200mm and 400mm from top of the sinter bed respec-tively.
اقرأ أكثر
Sinter Plant Operations: Raw Materials | SpringerLink
Suppose a sinter plant consumes coke breeze of ~50 kg/t.sinter, and the BF coke rate is around 500 kg/t.HM . The estimated gases generated from sinter plant are SOx ~35 % and NOx ~28 % of the total emissions in an integrated steelworks (Mou 1998). Owing to the incomplete combustion, the un-burnt carbon fragments and chlorine …
اقرأ أكثر
Electric Stainless Steel Sinter Plant Thermocouples, For …
We are renowned manufacturers of Sinter Plant Thermocouples.The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel. Sinter plants, in combination with blast furnaces, are also used in non-ferrous smelting. View Complete Details. Get Latest Price Request a quote. M R Enterprises.
اقرأ أكثر
Iron ore sintering. Part 3: Automatic and control systems
The thermocouples are situated below wind boxes 15 to 25, and the 5 flow meters are on the bed of box 6. Fig. 4 shows the layout of the developed system. ... whose correct operation depends largely on the quality of the sinter used. Sinter plants throughout the world work with a wide variety of mineral mixes which are characterised in great ...
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Iron Ore Sintering: Process
The sintering process, depicted in Figure 1, involves the application of heat to fine iron ore particles, transforming them into coarser grains [16]. Firstly, various raw materials, including iron ...
اقرأ أكثر
Proportioning of Raw Mix in Sinter Plant-2 by using PLC …
Sinter Plant-2 is one of the major production shops producing sinter which is the main input of major blast furnaces. The output yield as well as sinter quality and its ... wind boxes by thermocouples. BTP is generally regulated by adjusting the palette speed in such a way that it occurs in the last but one wind box. However it also depends on
اقرأ أكثر
In Situ Temperature Measurement Across the Sinter Bed
Thermocouples are mostly inserted in the three holes leaving the top hole in the side plate between hearth layer chute and green mix chute in the sintering machine of sinter plant. 3. Single channel of six channel wireless transmitter is connected to thermocouple via high temperature resistant cable and plug arrangement just outside …
اقرأ أكثر
Automation and Control System of Sinter Plant – IspatGuru
Fig 1 Sintering process. Sintering process is basically a pre-treatment process step during ironmaking which is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ore fines, return fines, fluxes, and coke breeze, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, with a screened size of 5 mm to 30 mm, can withstand the pressure and the …
اقرأ أكثر
A Comprehensive Guide on the Use of Thermocouple in …
Thermocouples: Thermocouples are temperature sensors based on the Seebeck effect, where a voltage is generated across the junction of two dissimilar metals. They are rugged, cost-effective, and can operate across a wide temperature range. In power generation, thermocouples are commonly used for temperature measurements …
اقرأ أكثر
Sintering | Eurotherm
The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast …
اقرأ أكثر
Iron ore sintering. Part 3: Automatic and control systems
Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace. ... and consists of fifty thermocouples, 5 on-bed flow meters, a thermal imaging device and a sub-gate ...
اقرأ أكثر
Model prediction and thermocouples measurements in the …
The sinter plant receives sinter feed iron ores, solid fuels and slag agents as fine materials from several sources and uses high-temperature reactions to promote the agglomeration phenomena...
اقرأ أكثر
Improving Temperature Measurement in Power Plants
A thermocouple can be used for temperatures as high as 3100°F. T/Cs will respond faster to temperature changes than an RTD and are more durable, allowing use in high vibration and shock applications.
اقرأ أكثر
Not Just Hot Air: Understanding Thermocouples in Your Kiln
Type K thermocouples are the most commonly used thermocouples in ceramic kilns. They are composed of chromel (an alloy of nickel and chromium) and alumel (an alloy of nickel, aluminum, and silicon) wires. Temperature range is noted by manufacturers as …
اقرأ أكثر
Thermocouple Cables
Sinter Plant Thermocouples: Product Type: Thermocouple: Temperature Range: Customized: Brand: Customized: Usage/Application: Industrial: Material: Stainless Steel: Power Source: Electric: We are renowned manufacturers of Sinter Plant Thermocouples.The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel. Sinter …
اقرأ أكثر
In Situ Temperature Measurement Across the Sinter Bed
A Mathematical Model to Estimate Slag Flow Rate Using a Novel Stellite-Coated Thermocouple for Blast Furnace. Parabola-Based Flue Gas Temperature Modeling and Its Application in BTP Control of a Sintering Process.
اقرأ أكثر
Simulation and optimization of waste heat recovery in sinter …
1. Introduction. The energy consumption in sintering process is about 10%–15% of the total energy consumed in iron and steel companies in China [1], [2], and nearly 50% of the energy consumption in sintering process is carried away by the flue-gas in sintering process and the waste gas in cooling process.Therefore, recovering the …
اقرأ أكثر
Iron and Steel Industry Measurement Technology
Sinter plant Productivity and efficiency. With sintering, a mixture of fine ores, coke, recycled process materials and other aggregates is prepared, through melting, for further use in the blast furnace to ensure gas permeability for the reducing gases. ... WIKA thermocouples have proven themselves to have fast and reliable temperature ...
اقرأ أكثر
Use of Raw Petroleum Coke in Sinter Plants
Raw Petroleum Coke (RPC) was utilized in all three sinter plants of T ata Steel, Jamshedpur works since. November 2005. RPC usage went as high as 50 % of total carbonaceous fuel used for sinter ...
اقرأ أكثر
thermocouples used in sinter plant
Sintering is a thermal process (1300–1400°C) by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the iron and steel industry (mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc.), slagforming elements, fluxes and coke are agglomerated in a sinter plant with the purpose of manufacturing a sintered product of a suitable chemical composition ...
اقرأ أكثر
Intelligent Control of Sintering Process | SpringerLink
In a steel plant, the sintering process employs a large sintering bed with high and low strand velocity (i.e., H is approximately 860 mm, and (V_S) is approximately 2 m/min). In this case, the required burn-through point is the located position at the bellows No. 22.5, with an allowable variation of 0.5 bellows.
اقرأ أكثر